Recent progress of Ag/TiO2 photocatalyst for wastewater treatment: Doping, co-doping, and green materials functionalization

Surface modification via doping or functionalization is one of the most commonly applied approaches for addressing innate limitations TiO2 photocatalysts. Amongst numerous dopants, silver (Ag) has been regarded as an efficient strategy to retard electron holes recombination due formation Schottky barrier on interface and extending absorption visible region. This review primarily focuses discussing evaluating recent progress in Ag/TiO2 co-doping with non-metals transition metals, well synthesis strategies that have engineering materials. The effects induced chemical physical properties, photocatalytic performance, stability, recyclability aspects also highlighted. examines potential improvement through addition green materials such plant-based (cellulose-derived composites, chitosan, alginate), ceramic (clay, kaolin bentonite), ionic liquid solvent. Recommendations further research opportunities, limitations, challenges suggested.